Wednesday, December 12, 2007

Things Fall Apart

Chapter One:

What are Okonkwo's main characteristics as he is depicted in the first few chapters? What were the characteristics of his father which affect him so powerfully? Why do you think Achebe does this? What do you think are the social functions of such a system?


Okonkwo is a strong man. A man with honor, valor, and dignity. He is the manliness man you can have. He is also productive. His father though is weak, musical, useless, and has done nothing with his life. To start to show the different customs that these people participate in. The stronger and more headstrong and confident you are the higher you will be within such a society have the more titles.



Chapter Two:



What effect does night have on the people? What do they fear? How do they deal with their fear of snakes at night? What is the cause and nature of the conflict with Mbaino? What is the purpose of the taking of Ikemefuna? In what ways does Okonkwo overcompensate for his father's weaknesses? In what ways is he presented as unusual for his culture? What is his attitude toward women? Why does he dislike his son Nwoye so much? What do you think the advantages and disadvantages of this form of social structure are? What seems to be Achebe's attitude toward this culture so far? Is his depicting it as an ideal one? Can you cite any passages which imply a critical attitude?


The night brings them into the shelter of their homes. They fear the spirits around them and ancestors that come out. They deal with it by being on alert and ready for anything. That the Mbaino maybe looking for a way to challenge such an idea. He is like a hostage that if they do anything again that they have one of their own to kill first. He compensates it by acting more manly and trys to be the best and better than his father. He is very mean to women. Nwoye acts like girl and reminds him of his father.


Chapter Three



What effect does her status have on your judgment of the roles played by women in the culture? How is awareness of rank observed in the drinking of the palm wine? How does share-cropping work? What is the relationship of women to agriculture? How does Okonkwo react to "the worst year in living memory?"


The women are really not respected in this culture. The women are lower life. Yet the priestesses are held in a higher respect because they are involved with a god. The person who drinks palm-oil first is the highest person present. The women only prepare the food and not harvest or eat with the men. Very poorly and he is very mad.



Chapter Four



What are Okonkwo's virtues? What are his faults? What does this proverb mean, "When a man says yes his chi says yes also"? What is Okonkwo's relationship with Ikemefuna like? What is the crime that causes Okonkwo's to be reprimanded? What does it tell you about the values of the culture? What evidence is there in this chapter that customs have changed over time? That customs differ among contemporary cultures? What are the limits of the power of the village rain-maker?


To be the best warrior and become the greatest man of the clan. He also does everything to the book & code of the clan. That you are one with your soul. He actually at first is mean to Ikemefuma then he becomes more relaxed and likes him. Their culture is very strict and you must obey the rules. He is only able to ask the rain god to let it rain and not made it actually rain.



Chapter Five



What is Okonkwo's attitude toward feasts? What kind of a woman is she? What do you think is the significance of women having to sit with their legs together?


He doesn't like the feasts because is honors the women. She is a very strong woman that was the villages beauty she also is Okonkwo first wife. It shows that more lady like and that they are more cocealed when they act like that then doing otherwise.



Chapter Six



What roles does Chielo play in the village?


She is the priestess of Agbala, the Oracle of the Hills and the Caves. She is friends Ekwefi and there bond is so close that she calls Ekmefi's daughter her own.



Chapter Seven



How has Nwoye begun to "act like a man"? What values does Okonkwo associate with manliness? How does Nwoye relate to these values? How does the village react to the coming of the locusts? Why is Okonkwo asked not to take part in the killing of Ikemefuna? Why do you suppose they have decided to kill the boy? Why do you think Achebe does not translate the song that Ikemefuna remembers as he walks along? Why does Okonkwo act as he does?


He starts to do the chores around the house and behaves like a man. The values of strength, responsibility, to be violent, and bloodshed. An old freshman. He sees them as becoming a man but prefers his mothers. They get excited and start to celebrate. They believe that Okonkwo has bonded to well with the boy and it has been effecting him. Because of the bond the two have made. To show the powerful meaning and sound of the natives there. He acts the way he does because he doesn't want to show weakness and falter.





Chapter Eight



What is Okonkwo's attitude toward his daughter Ezinma? Do you think such a custom would tend to make women more valuable than a dowry system where the woman's family must offer the gifts to the bridegroom's family? How do you think such a system would affect the women themselves? Why do you think this attitude arose? How is the notion of white men first introduced into the story? Why might Africans suppose that they have no toes? What sorts of attitudes are associated with white men in this passage?


His attitude is nice to her and he favors her more. No it would not make more value because the gifts can be more expensive and also have a deeper meaning. It makes them less of person and more of property. It arose because if European Influence and that age period is when they really become a woman. That a leper is like a white man.



Chapter Nine



Why does Ekwefi prize her daughter Ezinma so highly? What attitudes toward children does it reflect? Does Achebe seem to validate the belief in ogbanje?


She prizes her daughter so highly because Enzinma is her daughter that survived at birth and has grown up so well. It reflects the ideas that the children are good but at times evil spirits can posses the child and kill them at birth. Achebe seems to validate the belief very throughly with the explanations that he gives



Chapter Ten



What do you think their attitude toward the egwugwu is? What seem to be the main functions of the ceremony? How does Evil Forest refute the argument of Uzowulu that he beat his wife because she was unfaithful to him? How are problems like this affected by the fact that whole families are involved in marriage, unlike in American culture where a man and woman may wed quite independently of their families and even against their families' wishes? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each system?


This attitude is out f fear of these "spirits" becuase of what the man could do to them. it is like a trail to solve disputes between the peoples. He says Ozowulu must repent and beg for his wife back. That the whole family backs each other up and shows such a strong bondage between each other. The advantages are that their is such a great bond disadvantages are that their can curse family feuds and more opinions on the matter.



Chapter Eleven



What is the moral of the fable of the tortoise? What values does it reflect? What does the incident involving the priestess of Agbala reflect about the values of the culture?


The moral of the Fable is that if others are nice to you that you should be nice and thankful back or if you are mean they shall seek revenge. That if others are nice to you, you should be nice back that they honor the gods with much fear but at certain times the people will not obey and must protect their children.



Chapter Twelve



How is the importance of family emphasized in the uri ceremony?


The importance of a family is greatly emphasized in this uri ceremony. The presentation of gifts and the giving of the bride is very respected and well shown.



Chapter Thirteen



How does the one-handed egwugwu praise the dead man? Okonkwo has killed people before this. What makes this incident so serious, though it would be treated as a mere accident under our law?


By saying if he were poor then in the other life he would be rich and if he were a coward in the other life he would have courage finally if he had died young the in the other life he would have a life. Finally if natural causes did not kill him and a man did then he were to haunt that man. He had killed a member of his own clan a clansman. Since this happened he was punished two ways one if he did it on purpose and the other if he hadn't since he was to be aloud to come back after seven years.



Chapter Fourteen

What is the significance of comparing Okonkwo to a fish out of water? How does Okonkwo's lack of understanding of the importance of women reflect on him?


Okonkwo is now out of his native tribe and put into another. With different customs and events so he sticks out. That his women tend to act differently and because alot more determined on themselves then their fathers protection.



Chapter Fifteen



How does the story of the destruction of Abame summarize the experience of colonization? What sorts of stories had Okonkwo heard about white men before?


That if you show that to the white people or the white people they you will share the same fate as them. that they were killing innocent people and taking over peoples colonies.



Chapter Sixteen



Why do you think Nwoye has become a Christian? What is the first act of the missionaries which evokes a positive response in some of the Ibo? How does this belief undermine the missionaries' attempts to discredit the traditional religion? Why does the new religion appeal to Nwoye?


He never liked his father and the Christian faith promised him more & better stuff then his father. They take the outcasts and they preform good things for them. The new religion appeals to Nwoye because it explains more things and its safer environment to live in and he is away from his father.



Chapter Seventeen



What mutual misunderstandings are evident in this chapter between the missionaries and the people of the village? How does the granting to the missionaries of a plot in the Evil Forest backfire? What does the metaphor in the next to the last sentence of the chapter mean?

The mutual misunderstanding are of the ceremonies that are going on. They also are very concerned on the weather. That they are not killed off by diseases and "Evil" spirits that are there and the clear it. It means the way the white people are effecting everyone.


Chapter Eighteen



Why do you suppose Achebe has not mentioned them earlier?

They in the culture are unneeded and casted out. So that is why they are kept out but now those people minister to the whites kind of like a pay back to their own societies.


Chapter Nineteen



What does the final speaker say is the main threat posed by Christianity?

The main threat that it doesn't cover and shows the gods the respect that they need. It also shows alot of disrespect toward those in power.


Chapter Twenty



What clashes in values are created by the functioning of the British courts?

The British Courts treat matters differently and their punishments are different. Causing them to conflict with the local courts and make a fight.


Chapter Twenty-One



Why do some of the villagers--even those who are not converts to Christianity--welcome the British?

They welcome the British because the British are bringing them in some money. Their trade has become more valuable and palm oil & wine is worth alot more.


Chapter Twenty-Two



How is Rev. Smith different from Brown? What is the result of his black and white thinking?

Rev. Smith is a lot more straight forward and he starts to treat the locals with more force than Mr. Brown did. Mr. Brown would try and compensate while Smith uses force. He starts to create anger between the two and some people start to retaliate.


Chapter Twenty-Three



What does the District Commissioner say is the motive of the British in colonizing the Africans?

The motive is to convert them so that they become civilized and better. He also explains to them about the white mans way being the best and only way for these people.


Chapter Twenty-Four



Once again Okonkwo uses his matchet rashly, bringing disaster on his head. But he could be viewed as a defiant hero defending his people's way of life. What do you think of his act?

I believe his act was the most honorable and heroic task he could have done and shown to his fellow people. I also believe that more people should have stood up for what they believe in and joined Okonkwo in his actions.


Chapter Twenty-Five


Why do you think Okonkwo kills himself? What is your reaction to the final paragraph of the book?

He knows since no one followed him in his actions that the culture has failed and it cannot be saved. I thought it was a little ironic and pay back to should the white man what they had done to such a peaceful place to through it into such turmoil and confusion that it would lead to someone killing themselves out of desperation and despair. Also to show that they may be making more evil and harm then good that they hoped.

Monday, October 29, 2007

Heart of Darkness A.I.M.

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Journal 1

Pg. 3-11

"The Sea-reach of the Thames stretched before us like the beginning of an interminable waterway." pg. 3

Interminable-tiresomely long; seemingly without end.

At the beginning of the novel the narrator says that they are at the beginning of this interminable waterway which stands for the long journey ahead of these fair sailors. It also stands for the conflict and challenges that these men are going to face on their long journey.

"He was the only man of us who still 'followed the sea.' The worst that could be said of him was that he did not represent his class. He was a seaman, but he was a wanderer, too..." pg. 6

In this passage they speak of Marlow who is a man on the ship that still is a man who follows where the sea takes him. You can infer that Marlow is singled out and will be the main challenge to the fellow sailors who do not share the same views as him. I also explains that he is not just on another trip but he is on an exploration.

Journal 2

pg. 12-20

"I, Charles Marlow set the women to work..." pg. 12

In this passage right away in the book it struck me that a man of this time would be shameful of putting a woman to work. That goes to show that Charles Marlow is the protagonist and may even challenge the other men on their views of slavery and womens place in society.

Journal 3

pg. 21-29
"...an insoluble mystery from the sea. All their meagre breasts panted together, the violently dilated nostrils quivered..." pg. 24

Meagre-Deficient in quantity, fullness, or extent; scanty

Insoluble-Admitting of no solution or explanation

Both of these terms work well together and show the fear of the others but also the intensity of their attackers. Insoluble mystery is the unexplainable circumstances that have occurred right now as they have been sailing the sea. Meagre shows the weakness but driven men are their intruders determined to accomplish what they came for.

Journal 4

pg. 30-38

"'Next day I left that station at last, with a caravan of sixty men, for a two-hundred-mile tramp.'" pg.31

In this quote it shows the many expeditions that these men take. Also it hints at their recklessness of others and shows that they take these trips for their own gain whether it be power, land, or money.

"Then he began again, assuring me Mr. Kurtz was the best agent he had, and exceptional man, of the greatest importance to the Company..." pg. 36

Marlow is being convinced that he needs Mr.Kurtz for his next journey but it seems he either doesn't feel completely sure or he believes that Mr.Kurtz will just cause trouble to him and get into his way.

Journal 5

pg 39-47

"'He is a Prodigy,' he said at last. 'He is and emissary of pity and science and progress, and devil knows what else. We want,'...'for the guidance of the cause intrusted to us by Europe, so to speak, higher intelligence, wide sympathies, a singleness of purpose.'" pg 41

This is a very good biblical allusion of the "Prodigy" a man of excellence and one that is so great that he will solve the problems of mankind. He also connects the devil in with prodigy signifying that their is a conflict between the two kinds and one slaves are considered evil and associated with the devil as the other (whites) are associated with the Prodigy. He also gives further reference to Europe that they have bestowed the Prodigy on them to preach the high intelligence and speak to the natives.

Journal 6

Pg. 48-56

"As to me, I seemed to see Kurtz for the first time. It was distinct glimpse: the dugout, four paddling savages, and the long white man turning his back suddenly on the headquarters, on relief, on thoughts of home-perhaps..." pg. 52-53

This really in depth shows that the white men are the superiors. Connecting back to "Neiche" (if thats how you spell it?) It explains that they are very racist and that the men that are the lower class are treated like dogs because that is their place in life. It also reflects back to that white men have "fought" and "protect" the land that they control and must have slaves do their work since they have already done so much in the name of their country. You can infer from this that the white men are "ignorant with pride" and can be compared to "evil" more than the slaves.

Journal 7

pg. 57-65

"horrid faces", "howled", "Ugly", "Terrible franknss", "sorrow", "pretty rags", "crook", "poor devil" pg. 59-61

All of these adjectives describe the locals on the land that they have landed on. The connection between them all is all interpreted through the mind of racist men. The term poor devil infers that the look onto them as if they are the poor lower class and since they are of that class they are also the devil and evil!

"...and took to arguing with myself whether or no I would talk openly with Kurtz..." pg.64

In this passage it goes back to my inference of Marlow thinking twice about taking Mr.Kurtz for reasons of conflict and him being unnecessary. This here shows that I was correct and Marlow seems to think twice about consulting with him. It also infers back to my first post that Marlow was singled out as a different sailor that everyone else and it shows that he doesn't always go with the same mind set as some of the other explorers and also seems to not be as racist to the locals as everyone else.

Journal 8

pg. 66-74

"Certainly they had brought with them some rotten hippo-meat, which couldn't have lasted very long, anyway, even if the pilgrims hadn't, in the midst of a shocking hullabaloo, thrown a considerable quantity of it overboard." pg.68

In this passage it explains they poorness and savagery of the locals. With the food it shows that they are both given the food and able to obtain only poor quality food. It makes them seem less human and more like a slave. Also the hullabaloo was caused because of their societies way of dealing with things in an animal like manner.

Journal 9
pg. 75-83

"-ivory ball; it had caressed him, and-lo!-he had withered; it had taken him, loved him, embraced him, got into his veins, consumed his flesh, and sealed his soul to its own by the inconceivable..." pg.81

Within in this passage the author uses personification to emphasize the importance and control of the ceremonies that the locals practice. He vividly describes the mans head and how it is shaped due to the ceremonies that the man has practiced throughout his life. The ceremonies are so life demanding and controlling that it has sealed his soul and will not let anything get to it.

Journal 10

pg. 84-92

"The opening paragraph, however, in the light of later information, strikes me now as ominous." p.84

Ominous- Menacing; threatening: Of or being an omen, especially an evil one.

With this exert is shows that Mr. Krutz is truly an evil man in the things he does. Even Marlow recognizes that and is surprised by the evilness of this man.

"They had given up Kurtz they had given up the station; Kurtz was dead, and the station had been burnt-and so on-and so on...Kurtz had been properly avenged...made a glorious slaughter of them..." pg. 87

As this one is written out it is openly expressed between locals and others that Kurtz death was one of importance. Since Kurtz was betrayed by his workers that he treated so poorly he was slaughter by them and others. It is like the circle of life-what goes around comes around. Since Kurtz treated them so brutally, they will kill him in such a manner or a "glorious slaughter."

Journal 11

pg. 93-101

'''I looked at him, lost in astonishment. There he was before me, in motley, as though he had absconded from a troupe of mimes, enthusiastic, fabulous. His very existence was improbable, inexplicable, and altogether bewildering...It was inconceivable how he had existed, how he had succeeded in getting so far, how he had managed to remain..." pg.93

In this Marlow after Kurtz death reflects back on it and realizes that this man was made of true evil. While having sometime to ponder back on this it shows the trueness of this man and what he had to and effected the community and society around him.

Journal 12

pg. 102-110

My thoughts on Mr. Krutz because he is mentioned quiet a bit in this part of the book.

Mr. Kurtz-His downfall seems to be a result of his willingness to ignore the hypocritical rules that govern European colonial conduct: Kurtz has “kicked himself loose of the earth” by fraternizing excessively with the natives and not keeping up appearances; in so doing, he has become wildly successful but has also incurred the wrath of his fellow white men.

Journal 13

pg. 111-119

'''His was an impenetrable darkness.'" pg. 117

Darkness-is a very big part in the book since th concept of it is in the books title "Heart of Darkness." In this novel darkness is perceived as a way that the Europeans cannot see the life styles that they are ruining and war they are creating with their excursions and adventures into Africa. With the inablitily of the Europeans to see the life and other humans they are affecting means that they are neglecting individual and community connection and bondage that should be created between the two cultures. Also Africa, England, and Brussels are all described as gloomy and somehow dark, even if the sun is shining brightly. All showing the dark attitudes and lifestyles that these people are living in.

Journal 14

pg.120-132

The ending of Heart of Darkness introduces a much greater horror than any Marlow has encountered in the Congo. Are the evils of colonialism excusable in the name of “truth” or knowledge, even if they are not justifiable in the name of wealth? This paradox accounts at least partially for the novels frame story. Marlow recounts his experiences to his friends because doing so establishes an implicit comparison. The other men aboard the Nellie are the kind of men who benefit economically from imperialism, while Marlow has benefited mainly experientially. While Marlow’s “truth” may be more profound than that of his friends or Kurtz’s Intended, it may not justify the cost of its own acquisition.

Wednesday, September 12, 2007

Annotations for Jane Eyre

Pg. 11
A.
"With Bewich on my knee, I was then happy! Happy at least in my way!"
I.
When Jane says this it shows that she is reaching out and needs a companion. She also shows that she is lonely and needs a friend. When she does have a friend she is happy but only when they are with her. Since she doesn't have a friend she is constantly dreaming of her last encounter with someone that made her happy such as Bewich.

Pg. 17
A.
"All John Reed's violent tyrannies, all his sisters proud in-difference, all his mother's aversion, all the servants partiality, turned up in my disturbed mind like a dark deposit..."
I.
I see that Jane has suffered through a rough life and that she is always been apart of a Tyranny and it has effected her greatly. She is so scared of her brothers strong grasp and her "mother's aversion"all of this brings her pain and bad memories from remembering it.

Pg. 25
A.
"I saw Mr. Lloyd smile and frown at the same time! 'Ghost! What, you are a baby after all! You afraid of ghosts?"
I.
This quote of Mr. Lloyd saying it to Jane makes me mad and feels compassion for the girl. Her family life is rough and she always has had to deal with those put downs and mocking. As she gets older and away from her family she still is taunted by others outside of it. Showing her that the world is mean and it doesn't always get better so quickly that she eventually will find the compassion from others that she deserves

Pg. 36
A.
"'Had I sough all England over, I could scarcely have found a system more exactly fitting a child like Jane Eyre."
I.
Going back to the quote I had earlier talking about a place that will be fitting and a place that will truly appreciate Jane for the person she is has been found. Even though Jane has troubles and had a rough family life there is always a place for somebody and that place has been found for Jane in such a society.

Pg. 59
A.
"This afternoon, instead of dreaming of Deepden, I was wondering how a man who wished to do the right would act so unjustly and unwisely as Charles..."
I.
When I read this I thought about two things. First off she is always dreaming of a Utopian place that is in her book that she has read of Deepden. This is bringing out the fact that she doesn't like the place that she lives and feels it is necessary to dream about places that provide the perfect life for her. The second thing I thought about is the fact that she is still wondering why her family could mean so much and want to be so good and right, yet they act so unjust and horrible to her that it doesn't make sense to her.

Pg. 68
A.
"'Don't be afraid, Jane, I saw it was an accident you shall not be punished."
I.
Immediately I knew that this brought back those memories of home when she had done something wrong or blamed for something that she would be punished harshly and irrational punishments.

Pg. 83
A.
"...but I preferred speaking before I withdrew. I still recoiled at the dread of seeing a corpse."
I.
This is a very good example of Jane being terrified of death and shows that she must have been through so many experiences that she is very frightened of death. It also shows that horribles things happen and she has witnessed horrible things before and more to come.

Pg; 107-121
A. & I.
Words that struck me in this were
unimpeachable-showing that there are good people out there and blameless people.
"frequently noisy together"-brings out Jane's side of rumors and nosing into other people business.

When Jane proclaims to Mr. Rochester that she is the "governess" she makes herself seem as if she is at a high level in society and wants to make a new life for herself.

Pg; 122-135
A. & I.
"'Ah! that pricks pride...'"-That the higher class has a pride and they hold themselves higher than everyone else.

Philanthropist-someone who makes charitable donations intended to increase human well-being

Prominences- The quality or state of being prominent; a standing out from something; conspicuousness.

Pg; 136-150
A. & I.